[해바라기 8월호] 선박의 보이지 않는 위협 : 선박승무원의 피로 :: SPY OCEAN-해양환경감시/선박검사로봇/수중드론자격증

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[해바라기 8월호] 선박의 보이지 않는 위협 : 선박승무원의 피로

태그	환경
출처	해기사협회
분류	해바라기
등록일	2026-08-25

선박의 보이지 않는 위협 : 선박승무원의 피로
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">임재식 | 범진상운(주) 선장
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 선상에서 선박승무원의 피로 관리에 관한 엄격한 국제 규정과 인식의 확산에도 불구하고 선박승 무원의 피로가 누적된 결과로 상황인식이 저하되어 해양사고의 원인이 되고 있다. 이에 외국의 해사 안전 관련 기고에서 인용한 문제점과 대책을 공유하고자 한다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">선상에서 피로의 원인
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 선상에서의 피로는 단지 피곤함을 느끼는 것 이상으로 심각한 신체적•정신적 상태다. 이는 부적합한 수면 환경으로 인한 수면 부족, 불규칙한 일정, 장시간 지속되는 심신의 격렬한 활동(장시간 근무), 선상의 소음이나 진동 등 의 환경적 장해 요인 등으로 발생한다. 승선 인원의 부족, 부적절한 휴식, 고립된 선내 환경 등도 선박승무원 피로 누적의 보편적인 원인이다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 이러한 피로 누적의 결과 주의력 및 집중력의 저하, 위험에 대한 반응속도 저하, 판단력 약화, 위험 감지 능력 감소 등의 위험한 신체적 • 정신적 현상이 빠르게 나타난다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> West P&I Club의 연구에 따르면 해상의 선박승무원의 3분의 1 이상이 수면 부족을 보고했으며, 많은 승무원이 외부의 규제를 피하고자 근무 및 휴식 시간 기록을 위조했다고 인정했다. 선박의 시니어 사관 상당수는 송송 본선 운항 업무상 극심한 스트레스로 인해 고도의 불안장애로 인한 수면장애 현상을 경험한다고 했다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">선박승무원의 피로가 몰고 오는 해양사고
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 최근 각종 해양사고 보고서에선 피로에 지친 당직근무자가 심각한 해양사고의 원인이 되고 있다고 자주 언급하고 있다. 영국 해양해안경비대(UK MCA)가 기소한 몇몇 해양사고 사례에선 선상에서 당직근무자가 주의산만, 음주 혹은 당직근무 중 잠에 떨어져서 충돌이나 좌초 사고로 이어진 사고들을 볼 수 있다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 해당 보고서의 한 사례에서는 당직근무자의 피로에 의한 주의산만으로 두 명이 사망했다. 1인 선교당직에 임하고 있던 당직항해사가 졸음에 취해 상황인식을 사전에 하지 못해서 선박이 좌초된 사건도 있었다. 국제항해학회(The Nautical Institute)가 발표한 사례에 따르면, 피로에 지친 갑판부 승무원들이 출항 전 악천후 대비 갑판상 기기의 고박 조치를 미룬 채 수면을 취했다가 출항 후 치명적인 사고로 연결되어 여러 명이 사망하거나 부상을 입은 경우도 있다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">규제만으로는 충분하지 않다
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> SICW 협약, 해상노동협약(MILC) 및 ISM 코드는 근무 및 휴식 시간에 대한 의무 제한을 설정하고 피로 위험 관리 절차를 명시하여 해운사와 선장에게 명확한 책임을 부여하고 있다. 즉 하루 24시간 중 10시간의 휴식 시간을 주도록 규정한다. 그러나 해당 규정이 잘 지켜 지지 않는 경우가 잦아 진정한 휴식을 보장하지 못하는 현실이다. 과다한 업무량, 잦은 입출항 작업, 관료주의적 행정 서류의 과부하, 소음, 진동이나 악천후 등 선상 환경의 방해 요소로 인해 휴식 시간이 잠식되어 단편적인 수면과 만성 피로로 이어지는 경우가 많다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">휴식을 중요시하는 문화 구축이 시급하다
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">선박승무원의 피로에 관한 문제를 해결하기 위해 해운사는 선상에서 습관적으로 이루어지는 체크박스 검토와 같은 규정 준수를 넘어, 사전 예방적으로 선박승무원의 실질적인 피로 관리를 수용해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 다음과 같은 조치를 권장한다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<ul>
<li style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">  최소한의 승부 정원 규정에 의존하기보다는 선박의 운항 특성에 따른 인력 수준을 보강하여 최적화한다.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">  의학적, 심리적, 운영적 요인을 고려한 피로 위험 관리 시스템(Fatigue Risk Management System; FIRVIS)을 구체화한다.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">  더 나은 환기, 방음 및 침구로 실내 환경을 개선한다.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">  승무원의 불이익에 대한 염려가 없도록 조치해 공개 보고를 장려한다.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">  선교에서 일반적인 경계를 엄중히 하되, 항해 선교에서 감시 경보 및 모니터링 장치를 사용하도록 한다.</li>
</ul>
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 여기서 해운사와 선상 리더십의 실천적 의지가 매우 중요하다. 해운사와 선장은 선박승무원의 피로가 의심될 때는 선박과 승무원의 안전을 위해 개입해야 하며, 편의상 방조가 아닌 현실을 반영하는 정 확한 근무•휴식 시간을 기록하고 보관해야 한다.
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> 
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">맺음말- 앞으로 나아갈 길
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-width: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; min-height: 15px;"> <span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 선박승무원의<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 피로는<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 잘<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 드러나지<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 않지만<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">, 그로<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 인한<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 결과는<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 심각한<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 사고로<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 연결된다<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">. 해운산업계가<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 선박의<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 안전과<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 운항<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 효율을<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 위해<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 디지털화와<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 자동화를<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 적극<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 추진하고<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 있지만<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">, 여전히<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 선박의<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 안전<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 향상을<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 위한<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 가장<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 큰<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 장치는<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 가장<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 간단한<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 부분일<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 수<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 있다<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">. 즉<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 선박승무원이<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 충분한<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 수면을<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 취하도록<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 보장하는<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"> 것이다<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: 돋움체, dotumche, applegothic; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">. *<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Apple SD Gothic Neo"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">원본 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Apple SD Gothic Neo"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">출처: <span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Apple SD Gothic Neo"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">월간 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Apple SD Gothic Neo"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">「海바라기」 8<span style="font-size: 13px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Apple SD Gothic Neo"; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;">월호 <a href="https://www.mariners.or.kr/business/business03_view.php?bd_code=magazine&bd_idx=7598" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px;">https://www.mariners.or.kr/business/business03_view.php?bd_code=magazine&bd_idx=7598</a>

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